Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Endothelial Immunity Trained by Coronavirus Infections, DAMP Stimulations and Regulated by Anti-Oxidant NRF2 May Contribute to Inflammations, Myelopoiesis, COVID-19 Cytokine Storms and Thromboembolism
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653110
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–E) The mRNA transcripts of four types of coronavirus receptors such as membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP, CD13, receptor for human coronavirus-229E), carcinoembryonic antigen family cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1, receptor for mouse hepatitis virus), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE, receptor for SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV2), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4, receptor for MERS-CoV) as well as TMPRSS2 are found in two clusters of human heart endothelial cells. The data mining analyses were performed on the Single Cell RNA-Seq database of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (Single CellBeta Portal; https://singlecell.broadinstitute.org/single_cell/study/SCP498/transcriptional-and-cellular-diversity-of-the-human-heart#study-summary ). (F–J) The mRNA transcripts of four types of coronavirus receptors such as ANPEP, CEACAM1, ACE, and DPP4 are found in mouse aortic endothelial cell clusters. The data mining analyses were performed on the Single Cell RNA-Seq database of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (Single CellBeta Portal; https://singlecell.broadinstitute.org/single_cell/study/SCP289/single-cell-analysis-of-the-normal-mouse-aorta-reveals-functionally-distinct-endothelial-cell-populations#study-summay , PMID: 31146585). (F) ANPEP expressions in three endothelial cell clusters were circled in red in the Scatter; (G) ANPEP expressions in three endothelial cell clusters were boxed in red in the Distribution; (H) CEACAM1 expressions in three endothelial cell clusters were also boxed in read in the Distribution; (I) ACE expressions in three endothelial cell clusters were also boxed in read in the Distribution; (J) DPP4 expressions in three endothelial cell clusters were also boxed in read in the Distribution. (K) A new working model: Infection of vascular endothelial cells by SARS-CoV2/MERS-CoV causes innate immune responses in endothelial cells, which may induces cytokine storm, and triggers thromboembolism. The part of figure was created with BioRender.com .
Article Snippet: To test this hypothesis, we searched the expression of these four receptors and coronavirus S protein priming serine protease TMPRSS2 ( ) in human EC in the MIT-Harvard Broad Institute Single Cell Beta Porter single-cell RNA-Seq database, Study: Transcriptional and Cellular Diversity of the Human Heart ( https://singlecell.broadinstitute.org/single_cell/study/SCP498 ).
Techniques: Membrane, Virus, RNA Sequencing, Single-cell Analysis, Infection
